2015年7月29日 星期三

泰國政府擬投入6,700萬泰銖 推動社區替代能源
2015/07/29-黃女瑛



泰國是東南亞區域唯一大力發展太陽能發電的國家。法新社
泰國能源部預計投入6,700萬銖(新台幣6,287萬元)推動社區ESCO基金,以推動社區替代能源。

外電報導,泰國能源部能源政策辦事處指出,6,700萬銖財政預算,主力以推廣社區替代能源,包括推出社區 ESCO基金以推動社區替代能源發展項目,即供社區和企業融資 4,700萬銖,發展太陽能、風能、水力能、沼氣和垃圾循環利用等,初期計畫涉及25個項目,推動發展替代能源產電 300 百萬瓦(MWp);再者,補貼 2,000 萬銖推動社區替代能源項目,為替代能源覆蓋全國各地而做準備。

加入社區 ESCO 基金融資項目,責任人須是政府、合作社或基金會的法人,基金將劃撥部分資金到替代能源項目,其剩由當地政府融資。而可申請補貼項目的單位有學校、社區研究中心、醫院、地方政府。

若就泰國當下太陽能補助政策走勢來看,泰國政府計劃透過電價買回制度(FIT)來扶植,最高每度電力有6.85泰銖的補貼,有效期間為25年。已吸引日本京瓷(Kyocera)、美國First Solar與大陸的英利綠色能源前往投資。

外電報導,泰國預計2015年將有1,200MWp~1,500MWp新增太陽能併網系統,投資額約為900億泰銖(約27億美元、或新台幣845億元)。屆時泰國太陽能發電累積總量將達2,500MWp~2,800MWp。相較全球第一大市場大陸2015年新安裝目標達17,800MWp,台灣2015年達500MWp。
泰國大力投資太陽能發電 腳步領先東南亞各國
2015/07/22-江芳吟
泰國太陽能發電容量到了2015年12月將比東南亞各國的太陽能發電容量總和還多。泰國當局希望藉由破紀錄的投資規模,為當地創造出新的電力來源,並帶動東南亞第二大經濟體的發展。

據路透(Reuters)報導,由於泰國原本豐沛的天然氣儲備可能在未來10年內用罄,導致該國對進口能源的依賴度飆升,在東南亞各國之中僅次於新加坡。而太陽能發電零組件價格大跌,加上補貼政策,也助長了泰國這波太陽能投資熱潮。

泰國2015年預計將有1,200MW~1,500MW(百萬瓦)新增太陽能發電容量併網,投資額約為900億泰銖(約27億美元)。屆時泰國境內的太陽能發電總容量將達2,500~2,800MW。

雖然與德國或日本相比,泰國的新增太陽能發電容量不是很亮眼,但已足以使泰國成為東南亞太陽能發電的領導國家。顧問公司Confidante Capital認為,泰國在大型太陽能發電廠與屋頂太陽能領域都有很好的發展潛力,當地位處陽光充沛的熱帶地區,是其一大優勢。

據估計,雖然泰國大多數的太陽能發電將來自大型電廠,但未來5年內,屋頂太陽能發電系統將可產生足以供應25萬戶都市家庭所需的電力。

泰國政府的目標是到2036年時,將太陽能發電容量增加到6,000MW,佔該國總發電量的9%,並供應300萬戶家庭用電。2014年時,太陽能佔該國發電量的比重僅4%。

雖然東南亞各國有優越的太陽能發展條件,但泰國是該區域唯一大力發展太陽能發電的國家,因為其他東南亞國家不是擁有豐富的石油、天然氣或地熱資源,就是政府缺乏足夠的預算來投資新技術。菲律賓也正要開始發展太陽能,但該國目前仍處於早期階段。

泰國政府將透過電價回購制度(FIT)來扶植該國的太陽能發電事業,最高提供每度電力6.85泰銖的補貼,有效期間為25年。泰國大力提倡太陽能發電,已經吸引了日本京瓷(Kyocera)、美國First Solar與大陸的英利綠色能源前往當地投資。

許多泰國當地的股票上市公司都有意增加太陽能投資,如Superblook PCL便有意在2015年投資300億泰銖。該公司董事長Jormsup Lochaya認為,太陽能幾乎可說是免費的能源,除了太陽光不用錢之外,其原物料成本與人事費用也相當低。

泰國房地產開發商Sena Development PCL也同意這個觀點,並認為發展太陽能的風險比發展廢棄物發電或樹薯粉發電等其他可再生能源來得低,因為原物料成本穩定得多。整體來說,包含Sena、Superblook、Gunkul Engineering等投資於太陽能產業的股票上市公司,近期在泰國股票市場上的股價表現均優於大盤。

但也有些產業領袖對於這股太陽能投資熱潮感到疑慮,認為有些人是在利用太陽能題材炒股。泰國工業聯合會主席便指出,有些上市公司買下大型太陽能發電廠只是為了賺取股價上的利益,達成目的後便會脫手賣出。這種作法可能會傷害泰國的太陽能發展

2015年6月27日 星期六

Thailand Agriculture Cooperative Solar Farm Project Q&A

1.      Through your contact who is a congressman or senator, you have a 100MW PV project quota which is               eligible for a PPA price of Baht5.66/kWh
             根據國會議員的說法, 你們有100MW的太陽能計畫每度電可賣5.66泰銖

a.       Please advise if this congressman or senator is a very reliable contact?
對於這位國會議員您有何看法?是否為可靠的生意夥伴?

1.a.1  Actually there are no congressman at this moment in Thailand.  The current government was ruled by                   military, all congress man are fired.  
目前泰國為軍政府統治,所有國會議員都被解除職務。

1.a.2  He have been in congress for 3 times, He approaching me since early this year when he knows there are solar policy will be announced in March.
在此之前,該議員曾為三個會期的國會議員。此農業合作社FIT計畫在今年三月發佈前,該議員於年初就提早與我方接洽。

1.a.3  You need to feel by yourself to understand the person.
你可以隨時與他會面,就可以了解他

1.a.4  He is working at his hometown with those Agriculture cooperative to develop these project.
 他與他家鄉的數個農業合作社發展這個計畫。

b. Please advise what his expectations are regarding the projects?  What will his role be?  Will we need to share revenue with him or give him a finder's fee? Or he will join us as an investor?
請問他對於此計畫的期望是甚麼? 他扮演哪種角色? 是需要分利潤或是佣金? 還是他也是投資者?

1.b.1. According to the policy, this solar investment mainly for Agriculture cooperative, they need to work with a private company, and this private company will own the farm, get the FIT from power company, then private company need to return the fit to Agriculture cooperative by 20 %.
根據政策,太陽能發電計畫是由農業合作社與私人公司合作。公司負責取得土地,並向泰國電力公司申請FIT。公司需要將20%FIT利潤回饋給農業合作社。

1.b.2  The congress man will get some profit from this 20%.  This 20% also include those potential charge for getting the permission from Ministry of Agriculture, and also PPA from power company.  Also those charge to connect to the grid. 
議員會從20%的回饋中拿一些利潤。另外還有農業部與電力公司的許可,以及電網連線相關費用都包含在這20%之內。

2.      Your forecast project cost is Baht45,000/kW, which is equivalent to around US$1.385/W
每千瓦成本預估為45000泰銖, 約為1385美金

a.       From this cost, please advise how much is the panel cost?  Since we are a subsidiary of SAS, if we invest in a project, we have to use SAS' modules, but since our module cost is a little bit more expensive than others, we would like to see how it will affect your project cost.
因為我們屬於SAS(中美矽晶),若是使用SAS的太陽能模組對於成本會有甚麼影響?

2.a.1 This cost provide by local EPC, they use AUO module.
我們的成本是由當地系統業者提供,他們使用AUO(友達)的太陽能模組

2.a.2  I suggested that you use your own formula and your cost to calculate IRR, maybe the result shows no profit for this investment.
你們可以用自己的模組成本來算IRR,也許會沒有利潤。

b.  Please also advise what is the detailed breakdown of the BOS (Balance of System) cost as well.  For inverters, we prefer not to use those made by China manufacturers so we would like to know how much of your project cost is for inverters and other parts.
請提供詳細的系統元件成本。因為我們比較不想使用中國製造的太陽能元件因此需要詳細的系統元件表列。

2.b.1 Same as 2.a .1.
2.a.1相同

c.  Do you already have a local EPC company in mind for the projects?  do we have the option to do the EPC jobs?
請問您已經有當地合作的EPC廠商了嗎?我們是否要自己建造系統?

2.c.1 So far, no.  Since still under development stage.  Once you get the project, there are many EPC available. 
 因為計畫還在發展中,目前並沒有合作的EPC廠商。等到計畫確定後將有許多EPC廠商供我們選擇

3.      Your forecast unlevered IRR is around 18%
預估IRR值為18%

a.  Please advise if inverter replacement ( 10 years usually) cost is already included in IRR analysis?
請確認逆變器的更換成本是否包含在IRR分析中?(預估為十年需要更換)

3.a.1  Yes, all the IRR calculation should include the after service. 
是的,IRR分析有包含售後服務。

b.  Please advise if forecast IRR is after taxes?  For example, in the Philippines, we need to pay corporate income tax, real estate tax, local city tax, government tax, municipal tax, etc.  Is it the same in Thailand and has it been included in the IRR foreast already?
請確認預估的IRR是否考慮到稅務?在菲律賓我們需要付企業所得稅、不動產稅、都市稅、政府稅、行政稅等等。泰國是否有類似的稅務?

3.b.1 You can apply BOI in Thailand, which means foreign investment, get 5 years of tax exempt and can be extend.  In Thailand, use FIT rule, and welcome foreign investor, but in Philippines, no FIT, therefore you need to pay tax.
 你們可以與泰國的BOI聯絡,BOI為泰國對外國投資的管理協助機構,可以有5年的稅務減免並且可以延長。在泰國有FIT政策並且歡迎外國投資,而在菲律賓並沒有FIT政策,這就是為什麼要收稅的原因。

c.  Can we request a copy of your IRR analysis?
我們是否可以要一份IRR的分析表格?

3.c.1  I don't have copy on hand, will try to find one for you. 
 目前手頭上沒有,我會試者找給你。


4.      Your assumed sun-hours for forecast power output is around 5 hours/day
預估每日有效日照時間為5小時

a.  Please advise what the land coordinates are for this assumed sun-hours data?
是否可提供場地的座標?

4.a.1 I already gave you the google map.
 已經在GOOGLE MAP標示位置了

b.  Have you already made a detailed PVSYST analysis for the particular land coordinates to show how much power is forecast to be generated in that area? Because we are not sure 5 hours/day can be reached.
你們是否在該地點做過PVSYST分析確認預估的發電效能?我們不確定是否可以達成每日5小時有效日照。

4.b.1 No. 
 沒有

5.      Land to be used will be rented
使用土地需要租金

a.  Please advise how much is the land rental cost?
請確認土地租金成本

5.a.1  One Lai Baht 300,000.-  10-12 Lai per MW.  To rent one Lai Baht 10,000.- per year.
一萊土地賣價300000泰銖,每百萬瓦太陽能發電約需要1012萊土地,每萊土地一年租金為10000泰銖。

b.      Is this land rental cost already included in the IRR calculation?
土地租金是否包括在IRR分析表中?

5.b.1 Yes, 
 是的

c.  Is land preparation cost (topographic survey, geotechnical survey, land clearing, land leveling, etc.) already included in the IRR calculation?
土地的整理成本(地型地貌量測、土地清理,整平等等)是否包含在IRR分析中?

5.c.1 No, need to negotiation. 
 沒有,需要協商

d.  In the Philippines, agricultural land must first be converted to industrial for the land to be okay for PV projects.  Is it the same in Thailand?  Is the cost of land conversion process already included in the IRR calculation?
在菲律賓農業土地需要變更地目為工業土地才能作為太陽能發電使用,泰國是否需要變更地目?變更地目成本是否包括在IRR分析之內?

5.d.1 No need to conversion, already in the calculation.
 不需要變更地目

e.  Does Thailand require PV projects to get something like an Environmental Certificate of Compliance that shows that the PV farm will not have a negative impact on the environment?  If yes, is the cost for this already included in the IRR calculation?
泰國的太陽能發電是否需要環保認證確認不會對環境造成污染或是改變當地生態?若是需要其成本是否已經包含在IRR分析中?

5.e.1  Should be in the 20%, need to check with the congress man. 
 應該包含在分給農業合作社的20%內,需要與議員確認。

6.  20% of the revenue will be shared with an agricultural cooperative
 20%的賣電獲利需要分給農業合作社

a.       Does the 20% revenue to be shared already include the inter-connection cost, cleaning cost, and security cost?  
20%的獲利是否包含內部連接成本、清潔成本與保全成本?

6.a.1 Yes.
是的 

b.      Is this revenue-sharing amount already included in the IRR calculation?
這些分出的賣電獲利是否包含在IRR分析內?

6.b.1  Yes, we use 4.528 as FIT.
是的,我們的獲利是5.668

7.  Typically, area of land needed for 5MW PV project is around 60 lai, and land purchase cost is around Baht300,000/lai 
一般來說五百萬瓦的太陽能發電計畫需要60萊的土地,購買成本為每萊土地三十萬泰銖

a.  Is there an option to buy the land instead of renting it (this is just for reference purposes)?
是否有可能購買太陽能廠的土地?(僅供參考)

7.a.1  Yes, you can buy the land. but need to JV with local company.
 是的,但是需要以泰國當地公司的名義購買。

b.  If land to be used is bought instead of rented, have you made an analysis on the effect on the forecast IRR (this is just for reference purposes)?
若是直接購買土地而非租用,你們是否有作IRR分析? (僅供參考)

7.b.1  If the land is rent, will have higher IRR, if buy the land, still have good investment, and the land cost will be increase after 10 years.
租用土地會有較高的IRR。但是若是購買土地也是不錯的選擇,而且土地成本在十年後會增加。

8.      Deadline for COD (Commercial Operation Date) is June 30, 2016
最後商轉期限是6/30 2016

a.       If the PV project is not commissioned by June 30, 2016, what is the effect on the IRR of the project, assuming the PPA or FiT will be lower after June 30, 2016?
若是太陽能計畫沒有在2016 630號前商轉,對於IRR有何影響?假設PPA或是FIT會較低。

8.a.1  Once sign the PPA, the FIT is fixed, for 25 years.  After COD, the new FIT will be announced.
只要簽暑了PPA,那FIT賣電費用會固定25年。在這個日期之後,新的FIT會公布。

Please also advise how you propose your role will be in these projects?  Do you plan to also invest in the projects, or do you only plan to find and/or coordinate between joint venture partners for the projects?
請問您在這個計畫的角色為何?是要投資這個計畫?或是只是找尋合作廠商與合作夥伴?

I have this connection 5 years ago, I need to finish at least 5 MW.  After that, I will set up office in Thailand to develop more project. 

我在五年前找到這個聯絡人,至少要完成一個5百萬瓦的計畫。之後我會在泰國設立一個辦公室來發展更多綠能產業計畫。